Might as well keep your header.php clean and insert the shim from the functions.php file.

// add ie conditional html5 shim to header
function add_ie_html5_shim () {
    echo '<!--[if lt IE 9]>';
    echo '<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>';
    echo '<![endif]-->';
}
add_action('wp_head', 'add_ie_html5_shim');

The shim is to enable HTML5 elements to be able to be styled through CSS in Internet Explorer versions less than 9.

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Let's say you wanted to use the post thumbnail feature of WordPress, but had a whole archive of posts that would take too much time to go through. For new posts, you can be specific and use the feature as intended. For old posts, you just want to use the first image it finds in the content for the thumbnail, or a default if none present.

Add this to functions.php or make a functionality plugin:

function catch_that_image() {
  global $post, $posts;
  $first_img = '';
  ob_start();
  ob_end_clean();
  $output = preg_match_all('/<img.+src=[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"].*>/i', $post->post_content, $matches);
  $first_img = $matches[1][0];

  if(empty($first_img)) {
    $first_img = "/path/to/default.png";
  }
  return $first_img;
}

To use it, use this code in the loop:

if ( get_the_post_thumbnail($post_id) != '' ) {

  echo '<a href="'; the_permalink(); echo '" class="thumbnail-wrapper">';
   the_post_thumbnail();
  echo '</a>';

} else {

 echo '<a href="'; the_permalink(); echo '" class="thumbnail-wrapper">';
 echo '<img src="';
 echo catch_that_image();
 echo '" alt="" />';
 echo '</a>';

}

I found that has_post_thumbnail wasn't as reliable as the logic above.

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Add to functions.php file:

function get_ID_by_page_name($page_name) {
   global $wpdb;
   $page_name_id = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_name = '".$page_name."' AND post_type = 'page'");
   return $page_name_id;
}

Now you can use this function in templates when you need an ID of a specific post/page and all you have is the name.

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Post thumbnails are pretty useful and pretty easy to use in WordPress. Simply add:

add_theme_support('post-thumbnails'); 

To a theme's functions.php file and you'll get a Featured Image module on the admin screen for posts which allows you to select one.

It is also very easy to output that image as an HTML <img>:

the_post_thumbnail();

But what if you just need the URL? Say, you're going to use it as a background-image on an element rather than a content image. Unfortunately there is no super easy/obvious function for that.

Within the loop, you'll have to do:

$thumb_id = get_post_thumbnail_id();
$thumb_url_array = wp_get_attachment_image_src($thumb_id, 'thumbnail-size', true);
$thumb_url = $thumb_url_array[0];

Then $thumb_url will be that URL.

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Apparently there is no succinct WordPress function for just returning the content of a particular page by the ID of that page. This is that.

function get_the_content_by_id($post_id) {
  $page_data = get_page($post_id);
  if ($page_data) {
    return $page_data->post_content;
  }
  else return false;
}

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This will find what the ID is of the top-most parent Page, in a nested child page. For example, this page you are literally looking at is nested under

<?php

if ($post->post_parent)	{
	$ancestors=get_post_ancestors($post->ID);
	$root=count($ancestors)-1;
	$parent = $ancestors[$root];
} else {
	$parent = $post->ID;
}

?>

$parent will be the correct ID. For example, for use with wp_list_pages.

Source: CSSGlobe

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Some very easy copy-and-paste code here to add to the template for blog posts to allow for Facebook "liking" of the article. Probably best in the single.php template underneath where it outputs the content of the post.

<iframe src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=<?php echo rawurlencode(get_permalink()); ?>&amp;layout=standard&amp;show-faces=true&amp;width=450&amp;action=like&amp;font=arial&amp;colorscheme=light" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" id="facebook-like"></iframe>

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For your functions.php file in the theme.

add_theme_support( 'post-formats', 
	array( 
		'aside', 
		'gallery',
		'link',
		'image',
		'quote',
		'status',
		'video',
		'audio',
		'chat'
	) 
);
add_post_type_support( 'post', 'post-formats' );
add_post_type_support( 'page', 'post-formats' );
// and other custom post types if you have them

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<?php $recent = new WP_Query("page_id=**ID**"); while($recent->have_posts()) : $recent->the_post();?>
       <h3><?php the_title(); ?></h3>
       <?php the_content(); ?>
<?php endwhile; ?>

The above code can be used within the regular page loop. Replace **ID** with the ID of the page you wish to embed.

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<title>
   <?php 
      if (function_exists('is_tag') && is_tag()) { 
         single_tag_title("Tag Archive for &quot;"); echo '&quot; - '; } 
      elseif (is_archive()) { 
         wp_title(''); echo ' Archive - '; } 
      elseif (is_search()) { 
         echo 'Search for &quot;'.wp_specialchars($s).'&quot; - '; } 
      elseif (!(is_404()) && (is_single()) || (is_page())) { 
         wp_title(''); echo ' - '; } 
      elseif (is_404()) { 
         echo 'Not Found - '; } 
      if (is_home()) { 
         bloginfo('name'); echo ' - '; bloginfo('description'); } 
      else {
          bloginfo('name'); }
      if ($paged>1) { 
         echo ' - page '. $paged; } 
   ?>
</title>

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WordPress has a built in function, the_meta(), for outputting all custom fields. But this function is limited in that it doesn't always output all of them. For example, it misses custom fields added by plugins which begin with an _ underscore.

This bit of code uses an alternate function, get_post_custom() which will return all of them, and display all values. Good for debugging.

<h3>All Post Meta</h3>

<?php $getPostCustom=get_post_custom(); // Get all the data ?>

<?php
    foreach($getPostCustom as $name=>$value) {

        echo "<strong>".$name."</strong>"."  =>  ";

        foreach($value as $nameAr=>$valueAr) {
                echo "<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;";
                echo $nameAr."  =>  ";
                echo var_dump($valueAr);
        }

        echo "<br /><br />";

    }
?>

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Right before the closing of the The Loop, insert this code:

<?php
if (($wp_query->current_post + 1) < ($wp_query->post_count)) {
   echo '<div class="post-item-divider">Post Divider</div>';
}
?>

This will create a <div> you can style as a post divider. The cool part being, it only gets inserted between two posts, skipping the last one. Thanks to Craig Maclean.

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<?php
$posttags = get_the_tags(); // Get articles tags
$home = get_bloginfo('url'); // Get homepage URL

// Check tagslug.png exists and display it
if ($posttags) {
 foreach($posttags as $tag) {
       $image = "http://cdn.css-tricks.com/images/tag-images/$tag->slug.png";

       if (file_exists("images/tag-images/$tag->slug.png")) {
         echo '<a href="' . $home . '/tag/' . $tag->slug . '" /><img title="' . $tag->name . '" alt="' . $tag->name . '" src="' . $image . '" /></a>';

       // If no image found, output something else, possibly nothing.
       } else {
         echo '<p>Not found</p>';
       }
  }
}
?>

This code belongs inside the loop. It will look in a specific directory for any images that match the slugs of article tags, display them and link them to the relevant tag archive.

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The image that shows for the author comes from the email address set for that user which goes to a corresponding Gravatar. The display name and bio come from the User settings area in the Admin.

<div class="author-box">
   <div class="author-pic"><?php echo get_avatar( get_the_author_email(), '80' ); ?></div>
   <div class="author-name"><?php the_author_meta( "display_name" ); ?></div>
   <div class="author-bio"><?php the_author_meta( "user_description" ); ?></div>
</div>

That should be all the CSS hooks you need to style up the area however you want. Note: some of these functions are WordPress 2.8 and newer only.

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<?php wp_tag_cloud( array(

    'smallest' => 8,          // font size for the least used tag
    'largest'  => 22,         // font size for the most used tag
    'unit'     => 'px',       // font sizing choice (pt, em, px, etc)
    'number'   => 45,         // maximum number of tags to show
    'format'   => 'flat',     // flat, list, or array. flat = spaces between; list = in li tags; array = does not echo results, returns array
    'orderby'  => 'name',     // name = alphabetical by name; count = by popularity
    'order'    => 'ASC',      // starting from A, or starting from highest count
    'exclude'  => 12,         // ID's of tags to exclude, displays all except these
    'include'  => 13,         // ID's of tags to include, displays none except these
    'link'     => 'view',     // view = links to tag view; edit = link to edit tag
    'taxonomy' => 'post_tag', // post_tag, link_category, category - create tag clouds of any of these things
    'echo'     => true        // set to false to return an array, not echo it

) ); ?>

The default sizing, if none supplied, for this function is "pt" which is a bit unusual and often unreliable so make sure you change that parameter to how you size fonts normally on your site.

Less Weird Font Sizing

Tag clouds accomplish their varied font sizes by applying inline styling to each tag. The resulting font sizes can be really weird like style='font-size:29.3947354754px;'. Mike Summers proposes this solution:

<div id="tagCloud">
	<ul>
		<?php
			$arr = wp_tag_cloud(array(
				'smallest'             => 8,                      // font size for the least used tag
				'largest'                => 40,                    // font size for the most used tag
				'unit'                      => 'px',                 // font sizing choice (pt, em, px, etc)
				'number'              => 200,                 // maximum number of tags to show
				'format'                => 'array',            // flat, list, or array. flat = spaces between; list = in li tags; array = does not echo results, returns array
				'separator'          => '',                      //
				'orderby'              => 'name',           // name = alphabetical by name; count = by popularity
				'order'                   => 'RAND',          // starting from A, or starting from highest count
				'exclude'              => '',                      // ID's of tags to exclude, displays all except these
				'include'               => '',                      // ID's of tags to include, displays none except these
				'link'                       => 'view',             // view = links to tag view; edit = link to edit tag
				'taxonomy'         => 'post_tag',    // post_tag, link_category, category - create tag clouds of any of these things
				'echo'                    => true                 // set to false to return an array, not echo it
			));
			foreach ($arr as $value) {
				$ptr1 = strpos($value,'font-size:');
				$ptr2 = strpos($value,'px');
				$px = round(substr($value,$ptr1+10,$ptr2-$ptr1-10));
				$value = substr($value, 0, $ptr1+10) . $px . substr($value, $ptr2);
				$ptr1 = strpos($value, "class=");
				$value = substr($value, 0, $ptr1+7) . 'color-' . $px . ' ' . substr($value, $ptr1+7);
				echo '<li>' . $value . '</li> ';
			}
		?>
	</ul>
</div>

The result turns this:

<a href='url' class='tag-link-66' title='6 topics' style='font-size:29.3947354754px;'>Tag Name</a>

into this:

<a href='url' class='color-29 tag-link-66' title='6 topics' style='font-size:29px;'>Tag Name</a>

Notice the added bonus that the links has a class name of "color-29" now that it didn't before. Now you have a hook to colorize tag names based on their size.

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function my_formatter($content) {
       $new_content = '';
       $pattern_full = '{(\[raw\].*?\[/raw\])}is';
       $pattern_contents = '{\[raw\](.*?)\[/raw\]}is';
       $pieces = preg_split($pattern_full, $content, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);

       foreach ($pieces as $piece) {
               if (preg_match($pattern_contents, $piece, $matches)) {
                       $new_content .= $matches[1];
               } else {
                       $new_content .= wptexturize(wpautop($piece));
               }
       }

       return $new_content;
}

remove_filter('the_content', 'wpautop');
remove_filter('the_content', 'wptexturize');

add_filter('the_content', 'my_formatter', 99);

This goes in the PHP in your functions.php file. Once done, you can use the [raw] shortcode in your posts: [raw]Unformatted code[/raw]

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Add to functions.php file

remove_filter('the_content', 'wptexturize');
remove_filter('the_excerpt', 'wptexturize');
remove_filter('comment_text', 'wptexturize');
remove_filter('the_title', 'wptexturize');

the wptexturize function is responsible for lots of automatic alterations to text stored in WordPress like automatic elipses (...), em and en dashes, typographers quotes, etc.

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Just post a link to a GitHub Gist and it will be nicely embedded. Or use the format this snippet provides and create the shortcode yourself. For your functions.php file:

<?php
// [gist id="ID" file="FILE"]
function gist_shortcode($atts) {
  return sprintf(
    '<script src="https://gist.github.com/%s.js%s"></script>', 
    $atts['id'], 
    $atts['file'] ? '?file=' . $atts['file'] : ''
  );
} add_shortcode('gist','gist_shortcode');

// Remove this function if you don't want autoreplace gist links to shortcodes
function gist_shortcode_filter($content) {
  return preg_replace('/https:\/\/gist.github.com\/([\d]+)[\.js\?]*[\#]*file[=|_]+([\w\.]+)(?![^<]*<\/a>)/i', '[gist id="${1}" file="${2}"]', $content );
} add_filter( 'the_content', 'gist_shortcode_filter', 9);
?>

Any of these formats will work:

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You know, the one typically at yoursite.com/wp-login.php. These are things you would put in the active theme's functions.php file.

Change the Logo

Is the WordPress logo by default, this changes the file path of that image. Change file path and file name to your own needs.

function custom_login_logo() {
	echo '<style type="text/css">h1 a { background: url('.get_bloginfo('template_directory').'http://cdn.css-tricks.com/images/logo-login.gif) 50% 50% no-repeat !important; }</style>';
}
add_action('login_head', 'custom_login_logo');

Change the URL

... of where clicking that logo goes. By default it goes to WordPress.org, this will change it to your own homepage.

function change_wp_login_url() {
	return bloginfo('url');
}
add_filter('login_headerurl', 'change_wp_login_url');

Change the Title

That is, change the title attribute of the image you just replaced. This changes it to the name of your blog in the settings.

function change_wp_login_title() {
	return get_option('blogname');
}
add_filter('login_headertitle', 'change_wp_login_title');

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In a typical WordPress theme you output the entire list of comments for a Post/Page by using the function wp_list_comments(). This doesn't offer much by the way of customizing what HTML markup gets generated for that comment list. To write your own markup for the comment list, you can use a callback function as a parameter in wp_list_comments(), so it's just as nicely abstracted.

In functions.php

<?php
function my_custom_comments($comment, $args, $depth) {
   $GLOBALS['comment'] = $comment; ?>
   <li <?php comment_class(); ?> id="li-comment-<?php comment_ID() ?>">
   <?php if ($comment->comment_approved == '0') : ?>
      <em><?php _e('Your comment is awaiting moderation.') ?></em>
   <?php endif; ?>

   // Comments markup code here, e.g. functions like comment_text(); 

}
?>

In comments.php

<?php 
   wp_list_comments("callback=my_custom_comments"); 
?>

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