Showing posts with label htaccess. Show all posts

Htaccess show no_found picture if picture is not exist

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RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .*$ /no_picture.png [L]
Let's break it down as to what each line means.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ [NC]
Check to see if the requested file is of a file extension in the parentheses (). In this case, we're testing to see if the file name ends in either .jpg, .jpeg, .gif or .png
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
Check that the file is not there and it's also not a directory.
RewriteRule .*$ /no_picture.png [L]
If a requested resource/file passes all those tests, then it's an image that does not exist. So serve back the image of no_picture.png to the browser. This will keep the filename. If you want to redirect to the no_picture.png filename, change [L] to [R]

Redirect WWW / No-WWW htaccess

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You should really be doing one or the other. For consistency, as well as SEO's, sake.

Force the www.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^your-site.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.your-site.com/$1 [L,R=301]

Remove the www.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^your-site.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://your-site.com/$1 [L,R=301]

Tutorial Use PHP inside JavaScript

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This has only really been tested on Media Temple (gs) servers.

In the folder with the JavaScript, the .htaccess file should include:

<FilesMatch "^.*?api.*?$">
SetHandler php5-script
</FilesMatch>

In that above example, any file that includes the string "api" will be processed as PHP. Feel free to alter that RegEx.

Then in the JavaScript file itself, set the ContentType back to JavaScript:

<?php
	// Sets the proper content type for javascript
	header("Content-type: application/javascript");
?>

That will ensure browsers reading the file will interpret it as JavaScript. Now you can use <php ... ?> tags in the JavaScript file to do whatever PHP stuff you need to do.

Tutorial Temporary Maintenance using Mod_Rewrite

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# Don't forget to turn on the rewrite engine
RewriteEngine on

# Maintenance Redirection
# Replace 555\.555\.555\.555 with your own IP address
# Uncomment first conditional to turn off the redirection
# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^$a
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !maintenance.html
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !(styles|images).+$
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^555\.555\.555\.555$
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} !^127\.0\.0\.1$
RewriteRule (.*) /maintenance.html [R,L]

This code makes it easy to temporarily take down a website for updates. Replace the "555" line with your own IP address so that you'll still be able to view the website as normal while everyone else gets redirected. Images and styles are allowed to pass through the filter as well.

The first commented condition is designed to fail every time, so turning this redirection off is as simple as uncommenting that line.

Tutorial Subdirectories URL Internally Redirect to Query String

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The URL in the browser would be:

http://css-tricks.com/index.php/teachers/a/

The actual page rendered by the server would be:

http://css-tricks.com/index.php?search=teachers&sort=a

RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^index/([^/]+)/([^/]+).php /page.php?search=$1&sort=$2 [NC]

Reference URL

Tutorial Shock Teenage Gangsters with wp-config Redirect

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Funny email from a reader, that I figured would make a good post:

This is a funny redirect. I get one or two visits a day from teenage gangsters trying to enter my server by checking if a wp-config-file exists that is no longer the newest version. I got best panic results by linking to the Russian IT-Counter-intelligence Agency.

NOTE: You should NOT use this if you are ACTUALLY using WordPress. Also, I updated it to the FBI since that Russian site went down.

Redirect 301 /wp-config.php http://www.fbi.gov/

Tutorial Set Expires

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Setting "expires" tells browsers downloading these files that they don't need to request it again for this specific length of time. In otherwords, use the cache instead if you have it. This can reduce stress on the server for you, and speed up page load time for visitors.

# BEGIN EXPIRES
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
    ExpiresActive On
    ExpiresDefault "access plus 10 days"
    ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 week"
    ExpiresByType text/plain "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 week"
    ExpiresByType application/x-icon "access plus 1 year"
</IfModule>
# END EXPIRES

Tutorial Serve SVG with the Correct Content Type

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If you are trying to use SVG like <img src="image.svg"> or as a CSS background-image, and the file is linked to correctly and everything seems right, but the browser isn't displaying it, it might be because your server is serving it with an incorrect content-type.

Add this to your .htaccess file at the root to fix it:

AddType image/svg+xml .svg .svgz

Tutorial Remove File Extention from URLs

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RewriteRule ^about$ about.php [L]

That little bit will make http://example.com/about.php be able to load at http://example.com/about

Tutorial Prevent Image Hotlinking

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RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?yourdomain\.com/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteRule .*\.(jpg|gif|bmp|png)$ /images/dontsteal.jpg [L]

Images linked to from anywhere else than your website are redirected to a custom graphic. Do note though, that this would affect people reading posts through RSS readers as well.

Also allow search engines

RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?mydomain\.com/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?google\.(.+)/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?(.*\.)?google\.(.+)/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?bing\.(.+)/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?(.*\.)?bing\.(.+)/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?yahoo\.(.+)/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(.+\.)?(.*\.)?yahoo\.(.+)/ [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteRule .*\.(jpe?g|gif|png)$ /transparent.gif [L]

Tutorial PHP Error Logging

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Log errors to a file, and prevent showing them to the user. Make sure that the file exists and youre able to write to it.

# display no errs to user
php_flag display_startup_errors off
php_flag display_errors off
php_flag html_errors off
# log to file
php_flag log_errors on
php_value error_log /location/to/php_error.log

Tutorial Password Protect Folder(s)

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Put in .htaccess file in the directory you are trying to protect:

AuthType Basic
AuthName "This Area is Password Protected"
AuthUserFile /full/path/to/.htpasswd
Require valid-user

Ideally, the .htpasswd file will be not in a public facing directory. Put this in there:

chriscoyier:$apr1$O/BJv...$vIHV9Q7ySPkw6Mv6Kd/ZE/

That is just a sample, you can create the code for your unique username and password here.

Note that all subdirectories of this directory will also be password protected by this same system.

Tutorial iPhone Catcher

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<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*iPhone.*
RewriteRule ^index\.html$ http://www.mobile.mydomain.com [L]
RewriteRule  ^/$ http://www.mydomain.com/index.html [L]
</IfModule>

Tutorial iPad Detection

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Of course, the iPad is a pretty large screen and a fully capable browser, so most websites don't need to have iPad specific versions of them. But if you need to, you can detect for it with .htaccess

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*iPad.*$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://ipad.yourdomain.com [R=301]

This will redirect iPad users to a URL you specify. This is probably the best way to do it (assuming you are running an Apache server), but if you aren't, there are PHP and JavaScript methods here.

Tutorial Get The Dreamhost Stats Page Working on a WordPress Site

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For websites hosted with Dreamhost, you have an analytics page by default at yoursite.tld/stats/. WordPress can interfere with this, thinking that you are trying to link to a page or category and give you a generated 404 page instead.

Simply add this to your .htaccess file ABOVE the typical # BEGIN WordPress stuff to get it working again.

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(stats|failed_auth\.html).*$ [NC]
RewriteRule . - [L]
</IfModule>

Tutorial Force Files to Download (Not Open in Browser)

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AddType application/octet-stream .csv
AddType application/octet-stream .xls
AddType application/octet-stream .doc
AddType application/octet-stream .avi
AddType application/octet-stream .mpg
AddType application/octet-stream .mov
AddType application/octet-stream .pdf

Tutorial Force Favicon Requests to Correct Location

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For whatever crazy reason, perhaps evil-doing site scanners, requets to a web server for a favicon in all known crevasses of the site are fairly common. Since that file probably only actually exists in the root directory of your site, these requests result in a 404. If you server up a fancy, user-friendly 404 page, this can add up to a ton of bandwidth for no good reason.

This code will make those requests serve up the real favicon instead, saving bandwidth:

# REDIRECT FAVICON.ICO
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/favicon\.ico [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} favicon\.ico    [NC]
RewriteRule (.*) http://css-tricks.com/favicon.ico [R=301,L]
</ifmodule>

Another common one is requests for a file called ajax-loader.gif, probably evil scanning looking for poorly made ajax applications in which to exploit. Make sure that file really does exist and force all requets for it to that real location.

# REDIRECT AJAX-LOADER
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/images/ajax\-loader\.gif [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ajax\-loader\.gif           [NC]
RewriteRule (.*) http://css-tricks.com/images/ajax-loader.gif [R=301,L]
</ifmodule>

Tutorial Force Correct content-type for XHTML Documents

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Most webservers serve XHTML content as text/html what is definitly the right way to handle XHTML documents. In case the server isn't doing that correctly, you can force it on Apache servers with .htaccess:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} application/xhtml\+xml
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} !application/xhtml\+xml\s*;\s*q=0
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} \.html$
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} HTTP/1\.1
RewriteRule .* - "[T=application/xhtml+xml; charset=ISO-8859-1]"

Reference URL

Tutorial Force charset utf-8

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If you can not change the configuration of Apache server, use this code to force decoding of page to utf-8.

AddDefaultCharset utf-8

Reference URL

Tutorial Fancy Indexing

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Adds fixed width fonts, file size and date, sort capability. Propagates to higher level directories. See example.

IndexOptions FancyIndexing
IndexOptions FoldersFirst
IndexOptions NameWidth=*

Reference URL